Step control action
Applies to elements (step control elements) which assign to several value ranges for an input signal in the steady state the same number of different values as for the . Elements featuring two-point p
Manual adjustment
Adjustment of the output volume of a pump or the displacement of a motor by hand via a spindle. Once the desired value has been set, the pump/motor continues to work as a fixed displacement unit.
Energy recovery in hydraulics
There are essentially three ways to recovery energy used: Utilisation of kinetic energy between moving masses by using hydraulic motors with secondary regulation. The energy recovered is collected in
Velocity of sound pressure waves
Velocity of the transmission of pressure in a fluid (speed of sound). It is dependent on the bulk modulus K of the medium and its density ρ: In air in the normal state it is 333 m/s. In mineral oil it
Piston area
The hydraulically effective piston area Ap on the extension side of hydraulic cylinders is calculated from the piston diameter dp and the number of cylinders ic. Calculate the piston area directly and
Nominal force of a cylinder
The force produced in theory by the piston rod, ignoring any friction losses, when the cylinder is operating at nominal pressure . As far as single-acting cylinders with spring return are concerned, t
Fabric materials
Fabric group for seals that comprise textile fabrics that have been impregnated with elastomer components. The seals manufactured from this material are suitable for very high pressures due to their h
Two-quadrant operation
Drive which works in two quadrants. Operating modes of a drive.
Digital/analogue converter
Converts digital input signals into analogue output signals, i.e. into a proportional DC voltage. In conjunction with digitised signal processing provided by microelectronics, D/A converters are requi
Open loop control system
In the case of a control, the signal is transferred only in one direction. There is always one open action flow or one open impact chain ( Figure S 87 a ). A control chain as a whole can always be con