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Behaviour of a hydraulic motor on transition from standstill to motion. Due to its design and the related friction and leakage losses, during starting a motor outputs a significantly lower useful torq

Setting values of the controller, which can be used to adapt the controller properties to the conditions of the controlled subsystem, and the quality requirements of the .

The viscosity of a Newtonian fluid changes as a factor of the temperature: For hydraulic fluids it decreases rapidly as the temperature rises and at low temperatures it approaches the pour point ( Fig

Function, which changes its value by a predetermined value suddenly at a defined time t. The change of the caused by this is called the . A step function is used, for example to determine the of a con

The variable in the controlled subsystem, which is calculated for the purposes of and is supplied via the measuring device of the . It is the output variable of the system and, together with the refer

Determining the measured value of a physical variable — the measured variable — by means of an indirect or direct comparison with a known reference variable. Measuring requires a master reference elem

Components whose job it is to seal areas under pressure in such a way that pressure levels are maintained. These are contact seals that may also be used at high pressures levels. The materials used fo

Path travelled by a working element (e.g. cylinder ) between the turn-off pulse from the directional valve and the end of the movement. The overrun primarily depends on the masses moved and their velo

Pressure at which a device or an installation is switched off (DIN 24 312).

To facilitate the interchangeability of valves from different manufacturers, port hole patterns are internationally standardised, i.e. the arrangement of the outlet bores on a valve that must match th