Pressure loss in lines (laminar)
The pressure loss Δp in a laminar (Re < 2300) flow, straight pipe is calculated from the length lp and the diameter dp of the line as well as from the density ρ and the speed of the fluid vf. Calculat
Hand pump
Hydraulic pump — mostly with a single piston — for manual operation. It is single-acting in most cases, i.e. priming occurs during the first section of the cycle and delivery during the second. With d
Meter out control
Hydraulic speed control during which the hydraulic fluid flowing out of the actuator is throttled, e.g. by a flow valve in the return pipe.
Controller output variable y R
Variable issued by the controller output. To differentiate it from the correcting variable, it is given a subscript R (DIN 19 225). The controller output variable is only the correcting variable which
Transmission efficiency
On hydrostatic transmissions the transmission efficiency comprises the total efficiency of the pump and motor: From here the total power loss is obtained:
Electro-hydraulic systems
This term covers all combinations of electrical (electronic) signal processing with hydraulic drives. These combinations can be divided into three groups: Electro-hydraulic technology in which hydraul
Damping in the control circuit
As hydraulic systems have low inherent damping, additional measures must be taken to shorten the transient response. This is achieved by: Measures to convert energy, i.e. by throttling, friction or in
Describing function
Describing function is the term used on non-linear transfer elements for the frequency response while only taking into account the fundamental oscillation of the , recorded or calculated for various c
Startup discontinuity
On the usage of a flow control valve the actuator will jump slightly on switching on the flow rate before the flow rate set becomes effective. This movement is termed startup discontinuity. It is caus